/* Case-study page ("Dossier" layout, design A): shared by every study page (cs-*-<slug>.html). */
  :root { --hdr: 76px; --a-text: 720px; }
  .a-root { padding-bottom: 120px; }
  .a-root section { padding: 0; }

  /* ---- page head ---- */
  .a-head { padding: 44px 0 34px; max-width: 920px; }
  .a-head h1 { font-size: clamp(34px, 4.6vw, 58px); margin-top: 16px; color: var(--blue-900); }
  .a-meta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 8px; margin-top: 20px; }
  .a-short { font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 700; font-size: 11.5px; letter-spacing: .16em; color: var(--blue-700); border: 1px solid var(--blue-200); padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 6px; }
  .a-draft { font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 600; font-size: 9.5px; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; background: #fde8cc; color: #8a4b00; padding: 5px 9px; border-radius: 6px; }
  .a-tech { font-size: 11.5px; color: var(--muted); padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 999px; background: var(--paper-2); }
  .a-head .lead { margin-top: 20px; max-width: 760px; }
  .a-brand { margin-bottom: 30px; }
  .a-hero { margin: 0 0 28px; }
  .a-row-photo .cs-photo { margin: 30px 0 34px; }
  /* a row of company logos under the paragraph that names them */
  .a-logos { list-style: none; margin: 4px 0 30px; padding: 16px 20px; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-around; gap: 18px 28px;
    background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--rad); }
  .a-logos li { flex: 0 1 140px; display: flex; justify-content: center; }
  .a-logos img { max-height: 40px; max-width: 140px; width: auto; height: auto; object-fit: contain; }
  .a-pdf { margin-top: 22px; font-size: 14px; padding: 10px 18px; cursor: pointer; font-family: var(--sans); }

  /* ---- headline band ---- */
  .a-band { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 1px; background: var(--line); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--rad); overflow: hidden; box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); margin: 0 0 72px; }
  .a-hl { background: #fff; padding: 24px 24px 20px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-width: 0; }
  .a-band .a-hl[data-cite-block] { border-radius: 0; }
  .a-band .a-hl.cs-lit { background: #fffaf2; box-shadow: none; }
  .a-hl-n { font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 600; font-size: clamp(32px, 3.3vw, 44px); line-height: 1; letter-spacing: -.02em; color: var(--blue-900); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; white-space: nowrap; }
  .a-hl-n .u { color: var(--amber); }
  .a-hl-l { margin-top: 12px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.35; color: var(--ink); }
  .a-hl-s { margin-top: 4px; font-size: 12.5px; line-height: 1.45; color: var(--muted); }
  .a-hl-c { margin-top: auto; padding-top: 16px; }

  /* ---- three-column body ---- */
  .a-body { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, 1fr); column-gap: 56px; align-items: start; }
  .a-rail { position: sticky; top: calc(var(--hdr) + 28px); max-height: calc(100vh - var(--hdr) - 48px); overflow-y: auto; scrollbar-width: thin; padding: 2px 6px 12px 0; }
  .a-rail-h { font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 600; font-size: 10.5px; letter-spacing: .2em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
  .a-toc { position: relative; }
  .a-prog { height: 2px; background: var(--line-2); margin: 10px 0 10px; border-radius: 2px; overflow: hidden; }
  .a-prog i { display: block; height: 100%; width: 0; background: var(--grad-energy); }
  .a-toc ol { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-left: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .a-toc a { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 24px 1fr; gap: 4px; margin-left: -1px; padding: 6px 0 6px 12px; border-left: 2px solid transparent; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.35; color: var(--muted); transition: color .2s, border-color .2s; }
  .a-toc a .n { font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 600; font-size: 11px; padding-top: 1px; color: rgba(20,32,63,.35); transition: color .2s; }
  .a-toc a:hover { color: var(--ink); }
  .a-toc a.on { color: var(--blue-900); font-weight: 600; border-left-color: var(--amber); }
  .a-toc a.on .n { color: var(--amber); }
  .a-toc a:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--blue-500); outline-offset: 2px; }

  /* rail = two cards: a white "Contents" card (regular weight, 13px) + a navy "At a glance" card
     (orange labels, white values, 14px) */
  @media (min-width: 861px) {
    .a-body { grid-template-columns: 268px minmax(0, 1fr); }
    .a-rail { padding: 0 4px 16px 0; }
    .a-toc { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--rad); padding: 20px 14px 14px 16px; box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
    .a-toc::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0 0 auto 0; height: 3px; background: var(--grad-energy); }
    .a-toc .a-rail-h { color: var(--amber); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; }
    .a-toc .a-rail-h .pct { font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: .1em; color: var(--muted); }
    .a-toc .a-prog { height: 4px; background: var(--line-2); margin: 12px 0 12px; }
    .a-toc ol { border-left: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 2px; }
    .a-toc a { grid-template-columns: 24px 1fr; gap: 10px; align-items: center; margin: 0; padding: 7px 10px 7px 6px; border: 0; border-radius: 9px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 400; color: var(--muted); transition: background .2s, color .2s; }
    .a-toc a .n { width: 24px; height: 24px; border-radius: 50%; display: grid; place-items: center; padding: 0; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 400; color: var(--muted); border: 1px solid var(--line); transition: background .2s, color .2s, border-color .2s; }
    .a-toc a:hover { color: var(--ink); background: var(--paper); }
    .a-toc a.on { color: var(--blue-900); font-weight: 400; background: var(--blue-100); }
    .a-toc a.on .n { background: var(--grad-energy); color: var(--blue-900); border-color: transparent; }
    .a-toc a:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--blue-500); outline-offset: 1px; }
    .a-toc-pdf { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 8px; width: 100%; margin-top: 12px; padding: 9px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--blue-700); border-radius: 9px; background: none; color: var(--blue-700); font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 400; cursor: pointer; transition: background .2s, color .2s, border-color .2s; }
    .a-toc-pdf:hover { background: var(--grad-energy); color: var(--blue-900); border-color: transparent; }
    .a-glance { margin-top: 16px; }
  }
  .a-glance { position: relative; overflow: hidden; margin-top: 28px; padding: 20px 18px 8px; border-radius: var(--rad); background: var(--blue-900); color: #fff; box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
  .a-glance::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0 0 auto 0; height: 3px; background: var(--grad-energy); }
  .a-glance .a-rail-h { color: var(--amber-2); }
  .a-glance dl { margin: 8px 0 0; }
  .a-f { padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12); }
  .a-f:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
  .a-f[data-cite-block] { border-radius: 0; }
  .a-glance .a-f.cs-lit { background: rgba(247,148,30,.14); box-shadow: 0 0 0 6px rgba(247,148,30,.14); }
  .a-f dt { font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 600; font-size: 9.5px; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--amber); }
  .a-f dd { margin: 4px 0 0; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; color: #fff; }
  .a-f .cs-cite-sup { font-size: 9.5px; color: var(--amber-2); }
  .a-f .cs-ft td { border-top-color: rgba(255,255,255,.12); }
  .a-f .cs-ft td:last-child { color: #fff; }

  /* ---- reading column (citations are inline superscripts, like the facts in the rail) ---- */
  .a-main { min-width: 0; max-width: var(--a-text); }
  .a-row { display: block; }
  .a-row > :first-child { min-width: 0; transition: background .25s, box-shadow .25s; border-radius: 4px; }
  .a-row[data-cite-block] { border-radius: 0; }
  .a-row.cs-lit { background: none; box-shadow: none; }
  .a-row.cs-lit > :first-child { background: rgba(247,148,30,.09); box-shadow: 0 0 0 6px rgba(247,148,30,.09); }
  .a-inl { display: inline; }
  .a-inl .cs-cite-sup { font-size: 11px; }

  .a-row-p { margin: 0 0 20px; }
  .a-p { margin: 0; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.72; color: #2c3759; }
  .a-logos-note { margin: -18px 0 26px !important; }
  .a-note { margin: 0; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--muted); }

  .a-row-scope { margin: 0 0 8px; }
  .a-scope { padding: 16px 0 18px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .a-scope-h { font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 600; font-size: 10.5px; letter-spacing: .2em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
  .a-scope p { margin: 6px 0 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--muted); }

  .a-theme { padding-top: 64px !important; scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--hdr) + 8px); }
  .a-th { position: relative; display: flex; gap: 18px; align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 22px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .a-th::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: -1px; width: 44px; height: 2px; background: var(--amber); }
  .a-th-n { flex: none; min-width: 26px; padding-top: 2px; font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 600; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: .08em; color: var(--amber); }
  .a-th-k { font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 600; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: .2em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
  .a-th h2 { margin-top: 8px; font-size: clamp(26px, 2.6vw, 34px); color: var(--blue-900); }
  .a-stand { margin: 18px 0 28px; font-size: 19.5px; line-height: 1.55; font-weight: 500; color: var(--blue-800); }

  .a-row-chart { margin: 30px 0 34px; }
  .a-row-chart .csc { margin: 0; }

  .a-row-stat { margin: 30px 0 34px; }
  .a-row-callout { margin: 30px 0 34px; }
  .a-stat { display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto 1fr; gap: 26px; align-items: center; padding: 22px 0 22px 22px; border-left: 3px solid var(--amber); }
  .a-stat-v { font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 600; font-size: clamp(46px, 5vw, 64px); line-height: .95; letter-spacing: -.03em; color: var(--blue-700); white-space: nowrap; }
  .a-stat-l { max-width: 400px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; font-weight: 500; color: var(--ink); }

  .a-row-lessons { margin: 36px 0 12px; }
  .a-callout { background: var(--blue-900); color: #fff; border-radius: var(--rad) !important; padding: 22px 26px 24px; position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
  .a-callout::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; bottom: 0; width: 5px; background: var(--amber); }
  .a-row-callout.cs-lit > .a-callout { box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(247,148,30,.4); }
  .a-callout-h { font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 600; font-size: 10.5px; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--amber-2, #ffc061); }
  .a-callout-b { display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto 1fr; gap: 22px; align-items: center; margin-top: 10px; }
  .a-callout-v { font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 600; font-size: clamp(44px, 5vw, 60px); line-height: .95; letter-spacing: -.03em; white-space: nowrap; }
  .a-callout p { margin: 0; font-size: 16.5px; line-height: 1.5; font-weight: 500; max-width: 420px; }
  .a-callout .cs-cite { color: #fff; }
  .a-callout-more { margin: 16px 0 0 !important; padding-top: 14px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16); font-size: 14.5px !important; font-weight: 400 !important; line-height: 1.6 !important; max-width: none !important; color: rgba(255,255,255,.86); }
  .a-lead { font-weight: 700; color: var(--blue-900); }
  .a-lessons { background: #f3f5fb; border: 1px solid rgba(43,63,140,.12); border-radius: var(--rad) !important; padding: 24px 26px 18px; }
  .a-row-lessons.cs-lit > .a-lessons { background: #f3f5fb; box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(247,148,30,.28); }
  .a-lessons-h { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; gap: 6px 12px; }
  .a-lessons-h b { font-size: 16.5px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--blue-900); }
  .a-lessons-h span { font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 600; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
  .a-lessons ol { list-style: none; counter-reset: l; margin: 14px 0 0; padding: 0; }
  .a-lessons li { counter-increment: l; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 34px 1fr; padding: 11px 0; border-top: 1px solid rgba(43,63,140,.1); font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.55; color: #2c3759; }
  .a-lessons li::before { content: counter(l, decimal-leading-zero); padding-top: 2px; font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 600; font-size: 12px; color: var(--amber); }

  .a-row-gaps .cs-gaps { margin: 64px 0 0; }
  .a-scope p.a-contact { margin-top: 10px; color: var(--ink); }
  .a-contact a, .a-contact-box a { color: var(--blue-700); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--amber); text-underline-offset: 3px; }
  .a-contact-box p { font-size: 15px; }
  /* "contact us" pop-out note (button + small card with the email) */
  .a-pop-wrap { position: relative; display: inline-block; }
  .a-pop-btn { all: unset; cursor: pointer; color: var(--blue-700); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--amber); text-underline-offset: 3px; border-radius: 3px; }
  .a-pop-btn:hover { color: var(--blue-900); }
  .a-pop-btn:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--blue-700); outline-offset: 2px; }
  .a-pop { position: absolute; z-index: 20; top: calc(100% + 8px); left: 0; white-space: nowrap; padding: 9px 14px; background: var(--card, #fff); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--rad); box-shadow: var(--shadow, 0 8px 24px rgba(20,32,63,.18)); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.3; font-weight: 600; }
  .a-pop[hidden] { display: none; }
  .a-pop a { color: var(--blue-700); text-decoration: none; }
  .a-pop a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
  .a-row-h { margin: 34px 0 12px; }
  .a-h3 { font-size: 21px; color: var(--blue-900); margin: 0; }
  .a-row-ul { margin: 0 0 22px; }
  .a-ul { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 4px; list-style: none; }
  .a-ul li { position: relative; padding: 0 0 12px 24px; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.65; color: #2c3759; }
  .a-ul li::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 4px; top: .7em; width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--amber); }
  .a-ul li.cs-lit { background: rgba(247,148,30,.09); box-shadow: 0 0 0 6px rgba(247,148,30,.09); border-radius: 4px; }

  .a-sources { padding-top: 64px !important; scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--hdr) + 8px); }
  .a-src-list { list-style: none; margin: 22px 0 0; padding: 0; }
  .a-src-list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 34px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 14px; padding: 16px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line-2); }
  .a-src-list li:first-child { border-top: 0; }
  .a-src-n { width: 26px; height: 26px; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid var(--blue-200); display: grid; place-items: center; font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 600; font-size: 12px; color: var(--blue-700); }
  .a-src-k { font-family: var(--mono); font-weight: 600; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--amber); }
  .a-src-t { margin-top: 3px; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4; color: var(--blue-900); overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
  .a-src-m { margin-top: 3px; font-size: 13.5px; color: var(--muted); }
  .a-src-note { margin-top: 4px; font-size: 12.5px; font-style: italic; color: var(--muted); }

  /* ---- ≤1080: drop the gutter, citations go inline ---- */
  @media (max-width: 1080px) {
    .a-body { grid-template-columns: 236px minmax(0, 1fr); column-gap: 40px; }
    .a-band { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  }
  /* ---- ≤860: rail becomes a sticky chip bar under the site header ---- */
  @media (max-width: 860px) {
    .a-body { display: block; }
    .a-rail { display: contents; }
    .a-toc { position: sticky; top: var(--hdr); z-index: 40; margin: 0 -22px; padding: 0 22px; background: rgba(250,247,241,.95); backdrop-filter: blur(12px); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
    .a-toc .a-rail-h { display: none; }
    .a-toc ol { display: flex; gap: 6px; overflow-x: auto; border-left: 0; padding: 10px 0; scrollbar-width: none; }
    .a-toc ol::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }
    .a-toc li { flex: none; }
    .a-toc a { display: inline-flex; gap: 6px; margin: 0; padding: 6px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 999px; background: #fff; font-size: 12.5px; white-space: nowrap; }
    .a-toc a.on { background: var(--blue-700); border-color: var(--blue-700); color: #fff; }
    .a-toc a.on .n { color: var(--amber-2); }
    .a-prog { position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: -1px; margin: 0; border-radius: 0; background: transparent; }
    .a-glance { margin: 28px 0 0; }
    .a-glance dl { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; column-gap: 22px; }
    .a-theme, .a-sources { scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--hdr) + 60px); }
    .a-toc-pdf, .a-toc .pct { display: none; }
    .a-band { margin-bottom: 44px; }
  }
  @media (max-width: 560px) {
    .a-band { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
    .a-hl { padding: 18px 20px; }
    .a-hl-c { padding-top: 12px; }
    .a-glance dl { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
    .a-stat { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 10px; padding-left: 18px; }
    .a-stand { font-size: 18px; }
    .a-lessons { padding: 20px 18px 14px; }
    .a-callout { padding: 18px 18px 20px 22px; }
    .a-callout-b { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 8px; }
    .a-lessons li { grid-template-columns: 28px 1fr; font-size: 14.5px; }
  }
  @media print { .a-toc { display: none; } .a-body { display: block; } }